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Subliminal Persuasion: References[credits]

by Todd I. Stark


(1957).  "Persuaders' Get Deeply 'Hidden' Tool: Subliminal Projection"   Advertising Age, Vol 37, page 127, September 16, 1957. 

Benes, Kathryn M.., Gutkin, Terry B., Decker,  T. Newell, (1990) "The effects of mellow and frenetic music on reported cognitions resulting from auditory subliminal stimuli." Journal of General Psychology

Beyerstein, Barry (1993).  "Subliminal Self-help Tapes: Promises, Promises..." Rational Enquirer, Vol 6, No 1, Jul 93. 

Bornstein, R. F., Leone, D. R., & Galley, D. J. (1987). "The generalizability of subliminal mere exposure effects: Influence of stimuli perceived without awareness on social behavior." Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1070-1079. 

Bornstein, R. F. (1992). "Critical importance of stimulus unawareness for the production of subliminal psychodynamic activation effects: An attributional model." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
180, 68-75. 

Bornstein, R.F. & Masling, J.M.(1991).  "Perception Without Awareness and Electodermal Responding: A Strong Test of Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation Effects," The Journal of Mind and Behavior, Volume 12, Number 1, Winter 1991 

Bornstein, Robert F. & Masling, Joseph M. (1998).  Empirical Perspectives on the Psychoanalytic Unconscious.  (ed)  American Psychological Association 

Bowers, K.S. (1987).  "Revisioning the unconscious," Canadian Psychology, 28: 93-104. 

Brown, Peter (1991). The Hypnotic Brain: Hypnotherapy and Social Communication.  Yale University Press. 

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Carroll, D., Marzillier, J.S., & Merian, S. (1982).  Psychophysiological changes acompanying different types of arousing and relaxing imagery."  Psychophysiology, 19:75-82. 

Danzig, F. (1962). Subliminal advertising - Today it's just historic flashback for researcher Vicary. Advertising Age, September 17. 

Dixon, N.F. (1971).  Subliminal Perception: The Nature of a Controversy. New York: McGraw Hill. 

Dixon, N.F. (1981).  Preconscious Processing.  New York: Wiley. 

Eagle, M., Wolitzky, D.L., & Klein, G.S.(1966). "Imagery: Effect of a concealed figure in a stimulus." Science, 15: 837-839.

Erdelyi, M.H, (1974). "A new look at The New Look: Perceptual defense and vigilance." Psychological Review, 81:1-25. 

Eriksen, C.W. (1959). "Unconscious processes," In M.R. Jones (ed.) Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1958. University of Nebraska Press. 

Eriksen, C.W. (1960).  "Discrimination and learning without awareness: A methodological survey and evaluation." Psychological Review, 67:279-300. 

Eriksen, C.W. (1962). "Behavior and awareness: A symposium of research and interpretation." (Ed.) Duke University Press. 

Goldiamond, I. (1958). Indicators of perception. 1. Subliminal perception, subception, unconscious perception: An analysis in terms of psychophysical indicator methodology." Psychological Bulletin, 55:373-411. 

Green, D.M. & Swets, J.A. (1967).  Signal detection theory and psychophysics.  Wiley, New York. 

Greenwald, Anthony G., Draine, Sean C., & Abrams, Richard L. (1996).  "Three Cognitive Markers of Unconscious Semantic Activation."  Science, 273:1699-1702. 

Groeger, J. A. (1984). "Evidence of unconscious semantic processing from a forced error situation." British Journal of Psychology, 75, 305-314. 

Henley, S. H. A. (1984). "Unconscious perception revisited: A comment on Merikle's (1982) paper." Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 121-124. 

Henley, S. H. A., & Dixon, N. F. (1974). "Laterality differences in the effect of incidental stimuli upon evoked imagery." British Journal of Psychology, 65, 529536. 

Hilgard, E.R., Atkinson, R.C., & Atkinson, R.L. (1975). Introduction to Psychology, pp. 134-137. 

Hilgard, E.R. (1977). Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human thought and action.  New York: John Wiley. 

Johnson, M. (1987).  The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 

Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 

Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1986).  "From meta-processes to conscious access: evidence from children's metalinguistic and repair data."  Cognition, 23:95-147. 

Key, Wilson Bryan (1973). Subliminal Seduction: Ad Media's Manipulation of a Not So Innocent America, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 

Key, Wilson Bryan (1976). Media Sexploitation, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 

Key, Wilson Bryan (1980). The Clam-Plate Orgy: And Other Subliminals the Media Use to Manipulate Your Behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 

Kihlstrom, J.F.  (1995).  "Hypnosis, memory, and amnesia."  In L.R. Squire (Ed.), Biological and psychological perspectives on memory and memory disorders.  Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press. 

Kihlstrom, JF (1987).  "The Cognitive Unconscious," Science, 2371445-1452. 

Kunst-Wilson, W., & Zajonc, R. (1980). "Affective discrimination of stimuli that cannot be recognized." Science, 207, 557-558 

Kunzendorf, RG, Lacourse, P, & Lynch, B (1986-1987).  "Hypnotic hyperamnesia for subliminally encoded stimuli: State-dependent memory for 'unmonitored sensations.'"  Imagination, cognition, and personality, 6:365-378. 

Lewicki, P. (1986). Nonconscious social information processing.  Orlando , Florida, Academic Press. 

Lewicki, P. & Hill, T. (1987).  "Unconscious processes as explanations of behavior in cognitive, personality, and social psychology."  Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13: 355-362. 

Libet, B., Wright, E.W., Jr., & Gleason,C.A.(1982).  "Readiness potentials preceeding unrestricted "spontaneous" versus preplanned voluntary acts."  Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 54: 322-335. 

Lumer, Erik D., Friston, Karl J., Rees, Geraint (1998).  "Neural Correlates of Perceptual Rivalry in the Human Brain."  Science, 280:1930-1934. 

Lynn, Steven Jay; Nash, Michael R.; Rhue, Judith W., Frauman, David C.; Sweeney, Carol A.. 
 (1984). "Nonvolition, expectancies, and hypnotic rapport." Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93 
(3), 295-303. 

Marcel, A. (1983). "Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments in visual masking and word recognition." Cognitive Psychology, 15:197-257. 

Merikle, P. (1992). "Perception without awareness Critical issues." American Psychologist, 47(6), 792-795. 

Merikle, P. (1997).  "Parallels Between Perception Without Attention and Perception Without Awareness," Consciousness and Cognition, 6, 219-236. 

Merikle, Philip M. (1998).  "Psychological Investigations of Unconscious Perception,"  Journal of Consciousness Studies, 1998, 5, 5-18.

Merikle, Philip M. (1999, in press) "Subliminal Perception" entry in Encyclopedia of Psychology

Mykel, N., & Daves, W. F. (1979). "Emergence of unreported stimuli into imagery as a function of laterality of presentation: A replication and extension of research by Henley and Dixon (1974)." British Journal of Psychology, 70, 253-258.

Orne, M.T., & Evans, F.J. (1965).  "Social control in the psychological experiment : Antisocial behavior and hypnosis."  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 189-200. 

Packard, Vance, (1957).  The Hidden Persuaders, New York 

Packard, Vance, (1959).  The Status Seekers, New York 

Packard, Vance, (1960).  The Waste Maker, New York 

Packard, Vance, (1968).  The Sexual Wilderness New York 

Paul, I.H. & Fisher, G. (1959). "Subliminal visual stimulation: A study of its influence on subsequent images and dreams." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 129, 315-340. 

Poetzl, Otto (1917/1960).  "The relationship between experimentally induced dream images and indirect vision."  Psychological Issues, 2, 41-120. 

Rivlin, Robert & Gravelle, Karen (1984).  Deciphering the Senses: The Expanding World of Human Perception, Simon & Schuster. 

Robinson, Daniel N. (1984).  "Psychobiology and the Unconscious."  In Bowers, K.S. & Meichenbaum (eds) The Unconscious Reconsidered, Wiley-Interscience, pp. 223. 

Rossi, E.L. (1986). The Psychobiology of mind-body healing: New concepts of therapeutic hypnosis.  New York: Norton. 

Runeson, S. & Frykholm, G. (1983).  "Kinematic specification of dynamics as an informational basis for person-and-action perception: Expectation, gender, recognition, and deceptive intention." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116:585-615. 

Saegert, Joel (1987). "Why Marketing Should Quit Giving Subliminal Advertising the Benefit of 
the Doubt." Psychology and Marketing, 4 (2): 107-20. 

Schall, Jeffrey, D. (1999).  "Weighing the evidence: how the brain makes a decision." Nature Neuroscience,2:2, pp. 108-109. 

Sheehan, P.W. & McConkey, KM (1982). Hypnosis and experience: The exploration of phenomena and process.  Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 

Shevrin, H. (1986).  "Subliminal perception and dreaming."  Journal of Mind and Behavior, 7(2&3),379-395 (Spring/Summer). 

Shevrin, H. (1990).  "Subliminal perception and repression," in J.P Singer (ed.) Repression and dissociation: Implications for personality theory, psychopathology, and health. (pp. 103-119) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 

Silverman, L.H. (1976).  "Psychoanalytic theory: The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated."  American Psychologist, 31:621-637. 

Silverman, L.H. (1978).  "The subliminal psychodynamic activation method: Overview and comprehensive list of studies."  In J. Masling (Ed.), Empirical studies in psychoanalysis (Vol. 1).  New York: Erlbaum. 

Silverman, Lloyd H.; Lachmann, Frank M.; Milich, Robert H.. (1982). The search for oneness
 New York: International Universities Press. 

Spanos, N (1986).  "Hypnotic behavior: A social- psychological interpretation o famnesia, analgesia, and "trance logic"  Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9:449-502. 

Spence, D. P., & Holland, B. (1962). "The restricting effects of awareness: A paradox and an explanation." Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 64, 163-174.

Whalen, PJ, Rauch, SL, Etcoff, NL, McInerny, SC, Lee, MB, (1998).  "Masked presentations of Emotional Facial Expressions Modulate Amygdala Activity without Explicit Knowledge," Journal of Neuroscience, 18(1):411-418. 

Zajonc, RB (1980).  "Feeling and thinking: preferences need no inferences."  Am Psychol, 35:151-175 

Zajonc, RB, (1984).  "On the primacy of affect," American Psychologist, 37:117-123. 

Zuckerman, M. (1960). "The effects of subliminal and supraliminal suggestions on verbal productivity." Journal of Abnormal and Social Personality, 60, 404-411.



Article by Todd I. Stark
© 2/1999
ToddStark@AOL.COM



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